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氮化铝在取向硅钢二次再结晶中的作用
1、前言
1. Preface
二次再结晶在取向钢的制造过程中不可缺少，它是仅在钢铁材料的方向性方面发生的现象。
The two recrystallization is indispensable in the manufacturing process of orientated steel, which occurs only in the direction of steel materials.
可以这样形容，在几乎无方向性的基体中，一粒沙子在一瞬间长大成1立方米大的岩石，其结晶方位大约可达到95％的取向度。
It can be described that in a nearly directional matrix, a grain of sand grows into 1 cubic meters of rock in a flash, and its crystal orientation can reach 95% degree of orientation.
在此期问，为了抑制基体的长大，普通的高斯法中，采用MnS、RG和RGH钢中则利用的是MnSe、Sb，而这里将谈谈AIN。
In this period, in order to restrain the growth of the matrix, in the ordinary Gauss method, the use of MnS, RG and RGH steel is MnSe, Sb, and here will talk about AIN.
关于二次再结晶的机理已有很多文献介绍，这里仅就A1N的特殊性进行描述。
There has been a lot of literature on the mechanism of the two recrystallization, and here is only a description of the particularity of the A1N.
2、采用含Al热轧材的场合
2. The application of Al hot rolled material
(1)HiB钢
(1) HiB steel
HiB钢热轧材中的A1N必须是固溶态或极细小的AIN。
The A1N in hot rolled HiB steel must be solid solution or very small AIN.
(2)立方体织构钢
(2) cube textured steel
具有(100)[001]方位的立方体织构钢，可以通过对含A1热轧板进行交叉冷轧得到，这时该钢种具有以下三个重要的特征。
The cube texture steel with (100) [001] orientation can be obtained by cross cold rolling of A1 hot rolled plate, and the steel has the following three important characteristics.
①AlN最好是1微米左右粗大尺寸，为此，热轧时板坯加热温度低好，热轧板的高温退火对AIN的粗大化有利。
(1) the best size of AlN is about 1 microns. For this reason, the heating temperature of the slab is low during hot rolling, and the high temperature annealing of the hot rolled plate is beneficial to the coarse AIN.
②采用交叉热轧，虽然可以进一步提高产生(100)面的机率，但随着C量的增加，(100)[001]方位即45度立方体的混合比例将增加。
(2) cross hot rolling can further improve the probability of producing (100) surface, but with the increase of C, (100) the mixture ratio of [001] orientation 45 degree cube will increase.
③热轧板中含A1，但不含A1N时，45度立方体比例会大幅度增加，C在0．05％到0．07％时，全部是45度立方体。立方体和45度立方体为50：50时的典型织构。钢中含A1N时，难以生成45度立方体。
(3) the hot rolled plate contains A1, but with no A1N, the ratio of the 45 degree cube will increase greatly. When the C is 0.05% to 0.07%, it is all 45 degrees cubes. The cube and the 45 - degree cube are typical textures of 50:50. When A1N is contained in steel, it is difficult to produce a 45 degree cube.
由以上可知，A1N的存在，与HiB钢的情形尤其不同，当存在1微米左右粗大尺寸A1N时，对(100)面的生成有很大影响。
It is known from the above that the existence of A1N is particularly different from that of HiB steel. When there is a rough size of about 1 microns or so, it has a great influence on the formation of (100) surface.
3、硅钢单晶的冷轧、初次再结晶及二次再结晶行为
3. Cold rolling, first recrystallization and two recrystallization behavior of silicon steel single crystal
对金属的初次、二次再结晶行为的研究，在20世纪30年业已开始，有很多研究者对其机理进行了讨论，并持续到现在。
The study on the first and two recrystallization behavior of metals has begun in the 30 years of twentieth Century. Many researchers have discussed their mechanism and continue to the present.
下面想就C．G．DUNN(7，8、9、10)在单晶上所进行的研究作一叙述。
The following is a description of the research on C.G.DUNN (7, 8, 9, 10) on single crystals.
概括了(100)[001]立方方位单晶的初次再结晶方位，以及(110)[001]高斯方位单晶体的冷轧、初次、二次再结晶方位。
The initial recrystallization orientation of (100) [001] cubic azimuth single crystal and the azimuth of cold rolling, initial and two recrystallization of (110) [001] Gauss azimuth single crystal are also summarized.
Dunn对后者的机理得出如下结论，并称之为定向晶核选择长大假说。
Dunn has drawn the following conclusions on the mechanism of the latter, which is called the hypothesis of directional nucleation selection.
①关于初次再结晶晶粒的主、副方位晶核的起源，可以将Burgers—Cahn理论用于硅钢的冷轧滑移带即({110}滑移面一<111>滑移方向)而加以说明。
(1) for the origin of primary and secondary azimuth nuclei of primary recrystallized grains, the Burgers Cahn theory can be applied to the cold rolling slip band of silicon steel, that is, the sliding direction of {110} sliding surface <111>.
②高斯方位的单晶经过70％压下率的冷轧，形成{111)<112>方位的组织，这时(110)[001]初始方位作为副方位残留于形变带边缘处的过渡带中。
(2) Gauss's azimuth single crystal passes through the cold rolling of 70% reduction rate to form the orientation of {111 <112>. At this time, (110) [001] initial azimuth is the transition zone where the secondary direction is left at the edge of the deformation band.
③退火后的1次再结晶组织中，主方位是(110)[001]-M初次组织，其它还有若干个副方位A、B、C、D、E初次组织产生。
(3) in the 1 recrystallized tissues after annealing, the main orientation is (110) [001]-M primary tissue, and the others are produced by the first tissue of A, B, C, D and E.
④二次晶粒的方位均为副方位(A、B、C、D、E)，当具有这些方位的初次晶粒，其尺寸达到主方位M一初次晶粒的两倍以上时，长大成为二次晶粒。
(4) the orientation of the two grains is all the sub azimuth (A, B, C, D, E). When the initial grains with these azimuthal orientation reach their main orientation, M is more than two times of the first grain, and they grow into two grains.
⑤二次再结晶晶粒长大时的驱动力是晶界能，虽然主方位的M一初次晶粒为优势织构，较稳定，但其与副方位A、B、C、D、E初次晶粒之间的晶界能较高，易于移动。
Two, recrystallization, the driving force of grain growth is grain boundary energy. Although the M of primary orientation is dominant texture and more stable, the grain boundary energy between primary grain and secondary orientation A, B, C, D and E is higher and easy to move.
⑥副方位A、B、C、D、E一初次晶粒数量较少，其通过吞食基体的M一初次晶粒，产生二次再结晶。
The range of A, B, C deputy, D E, a primary grain number, the M matrix by eating a first grain, have two times of recrystallization.
4、含AI单晶(AIN引起的二次再结晶)
4, containing AI single crystal (two recrystallization caused by AIN)
田口、板仓、黑木等制作了含AIN的(100)[001]高斯方位单晶和(100)[001]立方方位单晶，以此作为原始材料，随后，为了改变AIN的形态及分布，对其进行预处理(固溶、析出处理)，然后冷轧，实施低温退火I使其初次再结晶组织，再进行高温退火II得到二次再结晶组织。处理条件与处理过程中AIN的变化、最终高温退火后的晶粒组织及位向之间的关系12，13，14，15)。
Taguchi, Itakura, Blackwood was fabricated with AIN (100) [001] Gauss (100) and the orientation of a single crystal [001] cubic crystal orientation, as raw materials, then, in order to change the morphology and distribution of AIN, carries on the pretreatment (solution and precipitation), then the implementation of cold rolling, annealing at low temperature I the primary recrystallization microstructure and high temperature annealing II two times recrystallization. Change, processing conditions and processing in the process of the final AIN relationship between grain structure after high temperature annealing and orientation of 12, 13, 14, 15).
(1)(100)[001]高斯方位单晶
(1) (100) [001] Gauss azimuth single crystal
与Dunn采用不含析出物的单晶的结果相比较，含AIN时可看出以下重要的差别。
Compared with the results of Dunn using a single crystal without precipitation, the following important differences can be seen when the AIN is contained.
①含有较多l微米左右AIN的试样GP，其冷轧、再结晶的行为与Dunn的结果完全一致。
The behavior of cold rolling and recrystallization of the sample GP containing more than l micron AIN is in full agreement with the results of Dunn.
②含少量极微细AIN的试样GQ，则成为{111)[110]一C初次组织这样的初次再结晶长大组织。
(2) the sample GQ containing a small amount of extremely fine AIN becomes the primary recrystallized and growing tissue such as {111) [110] 1 C.
在550℃，除了有高斯方位初次晶粒外，还可观察到A、C一初次晶粒。但随着温度的升高，只有C一初次晶粒的长大。这可以认为是由于退火I中，在冷轧组织中析出的AIN，随初次晶粒的方位不同，显示出的抑制力不同的缘故。
In addition to the first grain of Gauss azimuth at 550 C, the first grain of A and C can be observed. However, with the increase of temperature, only the first grain growth of C was found. This can be considered as the reason that the AIN in the cold rolled tissue is precipitated in the annealed I, which is different with the azimuth of the first grain.
③含大量微细AIN的试样GQT，其通过二次再结晶，重现了(100)[001]初始方位，这是AIN的独特作用，与以往的现象完全不同。试样GQT中，原材料单晶中存在的微细AIN，在{111)<112>方位的冷轧组织中，以特定的析出关系存在，对过渡带中将成为初次再结晶晶核的亚晶粒显示出不同的抑制力。就是说，(111)[110]C方位的亚晶粒与(110)[001]方位的亚晶粒相比，更容易长大；在主方位C一初次晶粒的基体中残留的极少数副方位高斯方位的初次晶粒产生了二次再结晶。
(3) GQT, a sample containing large amounts of AIN, reappears (100) [001] initial azimuth by two recrystallization. This is the unique role of AIN, which is completely different from the previous phenomenon. In the sample GQT, the micro AIN existing in the raw material single crystal exists in the cold rolling microstructure of {111 <112> azimuth. It has a specific precipitation relationship. It will show different inhibition force to the sub grain of the first recrystallization nucleus in the transition zone. That is to say, (111) the subgrain of [110]C orientation is more likely to grow than that of (110) [001] azimuth. In the main bearing C, there are a few minor azimuth of the first grain in the matrix of the first grain, and two times recrystallization of the initial grain of Gauss orientation.
(2)(100)[001]一立方单晶
(2) (100) [001] monocrystalline single crystal
与Walterl0)采用不含析出物的单晶的结果相比较，
Compared with the results of Walterl0) using a single crystal that does not contain a precipitate.
1. Preface
二次再结晶在取向钢的制造过程中不可缺少，它是仅在钢铁材料的方向性方面发生的现象。
The two recrystallization is indispensable in the manufacturing process of orientated steel, which occurs only in the direction of steel materials.
可以这样形容，在几乎无方向性的基体中，一粒沙子在一瞬间长大成1立方米大的岩石，其结晶方位大约可达到95％的取向度。
It can be described that in a nearly directional matrix, a grain of sand grows into 1 cubic meters of rock in a flash, and its crystal orientation can reach 95% degree of orientation.
在此期问，为了抑制基体的长大，普通的高斯法中，采用MnS、RG和RGH钢中则利用的是MnSe、Sb，而这里将谈谈AIN。
In this period, in order to restrain the growth of the matrix, in the ordinary Gauss method, the use of MnS, RG and RGH steel is MnSe, Sb, and here will talk about AIN.
关于二次再结晶的机理已有很多文献介绍，这里仅就A1N的特殊性进行描述。
There has been a lot of literature on the mechanism of the two recrystallization, and here is only a description of the particularity of the A1N.
2、采用含Al热轧材的场合
2. The application of Al hot rolled material
(1)HiB钢
(1) HiB steel
HiB钢热轧材中的A1N必须是固溶态或极细小的AIN。
The A1N in hot rolled HiB steel must be solid solution or very small AIN.
(2)立方体织构钢
(2) cube textured steel
具有(100)[001]方位的立方体织构钢，可以通过对含A1热轧板进行交叉冷轧得到，这时该钢种具有以下三个重要的特征。
The cube texture steel with (100) [001] orientation can be obtained by cross cold rolling of A1 hot rolled plate, and the steel has the following three important characteristics.
①AlN最好是1微米左右粗大尺寸，为此，热轧时板坯加热温度低好，热轧板的高温退火对AIN的粗大化有利。
(1) the best size of AlN is about 1 microns. For this reason, the heating temperature of the slab is low during hot rolling, and the high temperature annealing of the hot rolled plate is beneficial to the coarse AIN.
②采用交叉热轧，虽然可以进一步提高产生(100)面的机率，但随着C量的增加，(100)[001]方位即45度立方体的混合比例将增加。
(2) cross hot rolling can further improve the probability of producing (100) surface, but with the increase of C, (100) the mixture ratio of [001] orientation 45 degree cube will increase.
③热轧板中含A1，但不含A1N时，45度立方体比例会大幅度增加，C在0．05％到0．07％时，全部是45度立方体。立方体和45度立方体为50：50时的典型织构。钢中含A1N时，难以生成45度立方体。
(3) the hot rolled plate contains A1, but with no A1N, the ratio of the 45 degree cube will increase greatly. When the C is 0.05% to 0.07%, it is all 45 degrees cubes. The cube and the 45 - degree cube are typical textures of 50:50. When A1N is contained in steel, it is difficult to produce a 45 degree cube.
由以上可知，A1N的存在，与HiB钢的情形尤其不同，当存在1微米左右粗大尺寸A1N时，对(100)面的生成有很大影响。
It is known from the above that the existence of A1N is particularly different from that of HiB steel. When there is a rough size of about 1 microns or so, it has a great influence on the formation of (100) surface.
3、硅钢单晶的冷轧、初次再结晶及二次再结晶行为
3. Cold rolling, first recrystallization and two recrystallization behavior of silicon steel single crystal
对金属的初次、二次再结晶行为的研究，在20世纪30年业已开始，有很多研究者对其机理进行了讨论，并持续到现在。
The study on the first and two recrystallization behavior of metals has begun in the 30 years of twentieth Century. Many researchers have discussed their mechanism and continue to the present.
下面想就C．G．DUNN(7，8、9、10)在单晶上所进行的研究作一叙述。
The following is a description of the research on C.G.DUNN (7, 8, 9, 10) on single crystals.
概括了(100)[001]立方方位单晶的初次再结晶方位，以及(110)[001]高斯方位单晶体的冷轧、初次、二次再结晶方位。
The initial recrystallization orientation of (100) [001] cubic azimuth single crystal and the azimuth of cold rolling, initial and two recrystallization of (110) [001] Gauss azimuth single crystal are also summarized.
Dunn对后者的机理得出如下结论，并称之为定向晶核选择长大假说。
Dunn has drawn the following conclusions on the mechanism of the latter, which is called the hypothesis of directional nucleation selection.
①关于初次再结晶晶粒的主、副方位晶核的起源，可以将Burgers—Cahn理论用于硅钢的冷轧滑移带即({110}滑移面一<111>滑移方向)而加以说明。
(1) for the origin of primary and secondary azimuth nuclei of primary recrystallized grains, the Burgers Cahn theory can be applied to the cold rolling slip band of silicon steel, that is, the sliding direction of {110} sliding surface <111>.
②高斯方位的单晶经过70％压下率的冷轧，形成{111)<112>方位的组织，这时(110)[001]初始方位作为副方位残留于形变带边缘处的过渡带中。
(2) Gauss's azimuth single crystal passes through the cold rolling of 70% reduction rate to form the orientation of {111 <112>. At this time, (110) [001] initial azimuth is the transition zone where the secondary direction is left at the edge of the deformation band.
③退火后的1次再结晶组织中，主方位是(110)[001]-M初次组织，其它还有若干个副方位A、B、C、D、E初次组织产生。
(3) in the 1 recrystallized tissues after annealing, the main orientation is (110) [001]-M primary tissue, and the others are produced by the first tissue of A, B, C, D and E.
④二次晶粒的方位均为副方位(A、B、C、D、E)，当具有这些方位的初次晶粒，其尺寸达到主方位M一初次晶粒的两倍以上时，长大成为二次晶粒。
(4) the orientation of the two grains is all the sub azimuth (A, B, C, D, E). When the initial grains with these azimuthal orientation reach their main orientation, M is more than two times of the first grain, and they grow into two grains.
⑤二次再结晶晶粒长大时的驱动力是晶界能，虽然主方位的M一初次晶粒为优势织构，较稳定，但其与副方位A、B、C、D、E初次晶粒之间的晶界能较高，易于移动。
Two, recrystallization, the driving force of grain growth is grain boundary energy. Although the M of primary orientation is dominant texture and more stable, the grain boundary energy between primary grain and secondary orientation A, B, C, D and E is higher and easy to move.
⑥副方位A、B、C、D、E一初次晶粒数量较少，其通过吞食基体的M一初次晶粒，产生二次再结晶。
The range of A, B, C deputy, D E, a primary grain number, the M matrix by eating a first grain, have two times of recrystallization.
4、含AI单晶(AIN引起的二次再结晶)
4, containing AI single crystal (two recrystallization caused by AIN)
田口、板仓、黑木等制作了含AIN的(100)[001]高斯方位单晶和(100)[001]立方方位单晶，以此作为原始材料，随后，为了改变AIN的形态及分布，对其进行预处理(固溶、析出处理)，然后冷轧，实施低温退火I使其初次再结晶组织，再进行高温退火II得到二次再结晶组织。处理条件与处理过程中AIN的变化、最终高温退火后的晶粒组织及位向之间的关系12，13，14，15)。
Taguchi, Itakura, Blackwood was fabricated with AIN (100) [001] Gauss (100) and the orientation of a single crystal [001] cubic crystal orientation, as raw materials, then, in order to change the morphology and distribution of AIN, carries on the pretreatment (solution and precipitation), then the implementation of cold rolling, annealing at low temperature I the primary recrystallization microstructure and high temperature annealing II two times recrystallization. Change, processing conditions and processing in the process of the final AIN relationship between grain structure after high temperature annealing and orientation of 12, 13, 14, 15).
(1)(100)[001]高斯方位单晶
(1) (100) [001] Gauss azimuth single crystal
与Dunn采用不含析出物的单晶的结果相比较，含AIN时可看出以下重要的差别。
Compared with the results of Dunn using a single crystal without precipitation, the following important differences can be seen when the AIN is contained.
①含有较多l微米左右AIN的试样GP，其冷轧、再结晶的行为与Dunn的结果完全一致。
The behavior of cold rolling and recrystallization of the sample GP containing more than l micron AIN is in full agreement with the results of Dunn.
②含少量极微细AIN的试样GQ，则成为{111)[110]一C初次组织这样的初次再结晶长大组织。
(2) the sample GQ containing a small amount of extremely fine AIN becomes the primary recrystallized and growing tissue such as {111) [110] 1 C.
在550℃，除了有高斯方位初次晶粒外，还可观察到A、C一初次晶粒。但随着温度的升高，只有C一初次晶粒的长大。这可以认为是由于退火I中，在冷轧组织中析出的AIN，随初次晶粒的方位不同，显示出的抑制力不同的缘故。
In addition to the first grain of Gauss azimuth at 550 C, the first grain of A and C can be observed. However, with the increase of temperature, only the first grain growth of C was found. This can be considered as the reason that the AIN in the cold rolled tissue is precipitated in the annealed I, which is different with the azimuth of the first grain.
③含大量微细AIN的试样GQT，其通过二次再结晶，重现了(100)[001]初始方位，这是AIN的独特作用，与以往的现象完全不同。试样GQT中，原材料单晶中存在的微细AIN，在{111)<112>方位的冷轧组织中，以特定的析出关系存在，对过渡带中将成为初次再结晶晶核的亚晶粒显示出不同的抑制力。就是说，(111)[110]C方位的亚晶粒与(110)[001]方位的亚晶粒相比，更容易长大；在主方位C一初次晶粒的基体中残留的极少数副方位高斯方位的初次晶粒产生了二次再结晶。
(3) GQT, a sample containing large amounts of AIN, reappears (100) [001] initial azimuth by two recrystallization. This is the unique role of AIN, which is completely different from the previous phenomenon. In the sample GQT, the micro AIN existing in the raw material single crystal exists in the cold rolling microstructure of {111 <112> azimuth. It has a specific precipitation relationship. It will show different inhibition force to the sub grain of the first recrystallization nucleus in the transition zone. That is to say, (111) the subgrain of [110]C orientation is more likely to grow than that of (110) [001] azimuth. In the main bearing C, there are a few minor azimuth of the first grain in the matrix of the first grain, and two times recrystallization of the initial grain of Gauss orientation.
(2)(100)[001]一立方单晶
(2) (100) [001] monocrystalline single crystal
与Walterl0)采用不含析出物的单晶的结果相比较，
Compared with the results of Walterl0) using a single crystal that does not contain a precipitate.
